The AI Agent Protocol Stack: After Six Layers, the Bottom One Just Reached the Physical World

One diagram, and the box at the bottom of it I spent a while putting this together. It answers a simple question: when I say “get this done for me,” which protocols does that sentence pass through before it becomes something that actually happens in the world? Six layers, top to bottom. It starts at human intent and lands on robot arms, sensors, and PLCs. Every layer in between has a name, a responsibility, and a spec taking shape. ...

September 1, 2026 · 13 min · 2632 words · ChenFu Kuo

AI-HIL: Giving Hardware Eyes and Hands — Closed-Loop Automation for Embedded Development

It Started with a Complaint Day three. This little dev board is seriously tough. Claude Code’s free-tier generosity let me sprint hard, but I still hit the usage limit. I went to a conference that morning, and the whole time one thought kept looping in my head: How much time have I spent copy-pasting? JTAG call stack, SWD register dumps, Serial Console logs — paste a chunk over, AI gives a suggestion, I tweak the code, rebuild, flash, grab the logs, paste them back. Over and over. Sometimes I paste into the wrong window. Sometimes I miss the critical three lines. ...

March 20, 2026 · 5 min · 900 words · ChenFu Kuo