System 0 / 1 / 2: Understanding Physical AI Through Thinking, Judging, and Acting

Over the past few days, I kept seeing posts about Jev, so yesterday I spent some time reading up on it and discussing it with ChatGPT. Setting Jev itself aside, I was more interested in the idea behind it: if AI does not need to go through a full reasoning process for every task, but can quickly judge familiar situations, that feels a lot like System 1 and System 2 in Thinking, Fast and Slow. System 2 is slower and handles deeper thinking; System 1 is faster and makes quick judgments. ...

September 22, 2026 · 6 min · 1078 words · ChenFu Kuo

The AI Agent Protocol Stack: After Six Layers, the Bottom One Just Reached the Physical World

One diagram, and the box at the bottom of it I spent a while putting this together. It answers a simple question: when I say “get this done for me,” which protocols does that sentence pass through before it becomes something that actually happens in the world? Six layers, top to bottom. It starts at human intent and lands on robot arms, sensors, and PLCs. Every layer in between has a name, a responsibility, and a spec taking shape. ...

September 1, 2026 · 13 min · 2632 words · ChenFu Kuo

Why I'm Building the Edge Intelligence Stack

AI’s Center of Gravity is Wrong Open any tech news feed and it’s all cloud AI, all the time. Bigger GPU clusters, more training data, pricier API calls. As if intelligence can only live in faraway data centers, available on demand — as long as your network holds up. But that’s not how the real world works. A factory camera needs to spot defects in milliseconds. A vehicle sensor can’t wait for a cloud round-trip before deciding to brake. A remote agricultural monitoring station might not even have a stable 4G signal. These scenarios — factories, cameras, sensors, vehicles — are the backbone of the physical world. And they all run at the edge. ...

April 16, 2026 · 5 min · 966 words · ChenFu Kuo

AI-HIL: Giving Hardware Eyes and Hands — Closed-Loop Automation for Embedded Development

It Started with a Complaint Day three. This little dev board is seriously tough. Claude Code’s free-tier generosity let me sprint hard, but I still hit the usage limit. I went to a conference that morning, and the whole time one thought kept looping in my head: How much time have I spent copy-pasting? JTAG call stack, SWD register dumps, Serial Console logs — paste a chunk over, AI gives a suggestion, I tweak the code, rebuild, flash, grab the logs, paste them back. Over and over. Sometimes I paste into the wrong window. Sometimes I miss the critical three lines. ...

March 20, 2026 · 5 min · 900 words · ChenFu Kuo